Do you think that the ruled always adopt the language of the ruler?

The adoption of the language of the ruler by the ruled is not universal and depends on various factors, including historical, political, social, and economic circumstances. While there are instances where the language of the ruling elite becomes dominant or influential among the ruled population, it is not a deterministic or inevitable process. Several factors can influence the adoption or resistance to the language of the ruler:

1. Imperial Policies: The policies of the ruling elite regarding language can significantly impact its adoption by the ruled. For example, the promotion of the ruler's language through education, administration, or cultural institutions can accelerate its adoption among the ruled population.

2. Social Dynamics: Social factors such as prestige, status, and cultural identity play a crucial role in language adoption. If the language of the ruler is associated with prestige, opportunities, or upward mobility, segments of the ruled population may adopt it voluntarily. Conversely, if the ruled population perceives their native language as integral to their cultural identity or social cohesion, they may resist adopting the language of the ruler.

3. Resistance and Revival Movements: In some cases, the ruled population may actively resist the imposition of the ruler's language and strive to preserve or revive their own languages and cultural heritage. These movements can be driven by nationalist sentiments, cultural pride, or efforts to assert autonomy and resist assimilation.

4. Multilingualism and Language Contact: Societies are often characterized by linguistic diversity, with multiple languages coexisting within the same geographical area. In such contexts, individuals and communities may maintain proficiency in multiple languages for various purposes, including trade, diplomacy, religion, and cultural exchange.

5. Economic Factors: Economic considerations, such as trade, commerce, and employment opportunities, can influence language adoption. If the ruler's language facilitates economic integration, trade relations, or access to markets, it may be adopted by segments of the ruled population for pragmatic reasons.

Overall, while the language of the ruler can exert influence on the linguistic landscape of a society, language adoption is a complex and multifaceted process shaped by a variety of historical, social, and cultural factors. It is not necessarily the case that the ruled always adopt the language of the ruler, as language dynamics are influenced by a multitude of interacting variables.